Math and science, with room to ask why.

Fractions, decimals, percentages, ratios, proportions, integers, order of operations, basic equations, measurement, and number sense that support later algebra, geometry, and science coursework.

Signed numbers, variables and expressions, equations and inequalities, ratios and proportions, exponents, coordinate graphing, introductory functions, and the algebraic reasoning needed for Algebra I.

Linear equations and inequalities, slope and graphing, systems of equations, functions, exponents, polynomials, factoring, quadratic equations and graphs, radicals, and introductory exponential relationships.

Points, lines, planes, angle relationships, parallel and perpendicular lines, triangles, congruence, similarity, geometric proofs, coordinate geometry, polygons, circles, transformations, area, surface area, and volume.

Polynomial, rational, radical, exponential, and logarithmic functions; complex numbers; equations and inequalities; systems; function transformations; inverse functions; sequences and series; and concepts that lead into precalculus.

Functions and function notation, polynomial and rational functions, exponential and logarithmic equations and models, systems of equations and inequalities, inverse and composite functions, sequences, and algebraic modeling used in introductory college mathematics.

Function behavior, transformations, polynomial and rational functions, exponential and logarithmic functions, inverse and composite functions, sequences, systems, conic sections, and preparation for limits, rates of change, and calculus.

Angles and radian measure, the unit circle, sine, cosine, tangent and reciprocal functions, graphs and transformations of trigonometric functions, identities, equations, inverse trigonometric functions, and applications using right and oblique triangles.

Limits and continuity, derivatives and differentiation rules, implicit differentiation, related rates, optimization, curve analysis, antiderivatives, definite integrals, and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus.

Techniques of integration, applications of integration, improper integrals, parametric and polar equations, sequences and series, convergence tests, power series, and Taylor/Maclaurin series.

Introductory multivariable calculus: vectors and three-dimensional geometry, vector-valued functions, partial derivatives, multiple integrals, vector fields, line and surface integrals, and Green’s, Stokes’, and Divergence Theorems.

Limits and continuity, differentiation, applications of derivatives, integration, accumulation of change, differential equations, and AP-style mathematical reasoning.

All major AB content plus additional integration topics, parametric and polar functions, vector-valued functions, sequences and series, and Taylor/Maclaurin series.

Introductory applied calculus: functions and models, limits, derivatives, marginal analysis, rates of change, optimization, exponential growth and decay, antiderivatives, definite integrals, and business, economics, or life-science applications.

Systems of linear equations, matrices and row reduction, vectors, linear combinations, span and independence, matrix transformations, determinants, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and introductory vector-space concepts.

Descriptive statistics, probability rules, random variables, probability distributions, sampling, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, correlation, regression, and interpreting statistical results in context.

Exploring and visualizing data, sampling and experimental design, probability and random variables, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, significance tests, regression, and statistical inference in context.

Organizing and cleaning data, tables and graphical displays, descriptive summaries, identifying patterns and outliers, comparing groups, interpreting trends and relationships, and introductory statistical reasoning using course datasets.

Cell structure and function, biomolecules, enzymes, cellular respiration and photosynthesis, cell division, genetics, gene expression, evolution, ecology, homeostasis, and major biological systems.

Deeper secondary-level study of cellular processes, genetics, evolution, ecology, organismal biology, experimental design, data analysis, and scientific reasoning.

Evolution, cellular energetics, information storage and transmission, heredity, gene expression and regulation, cellular communication and the cell cycle, biological systems interactions, experimental analysis, and data interpretation.

Introductory microbial cell structure, metabolism, growth, genetics, classification, microbial control, antimicrobial drugs and resistance, host–microbe interactions, pathogenicity, immunity-related concepts, bacteriology, virology, mycology, and parasitology.

Ecosystems, biodiversity, population dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources, energy use, pollution, climate, land and water systems, human environmental impacts, sustainability, and interpreting environmental data.

Anatomical terminology, homeostasis, cells and tissues, integumentary system, skeletal system, joints, muscular system, nervous system, special senses, and the structure–function relationships that connect these systems.

Endocrine regulation, blood, cardiovascular system, lymphatic and immune systems, respiratory system, digestive system, metabolism and nutrition, urinary system, fluid and acid–base balance, and reproductive physiology.

Mendelian inheritance, pedigrees, chromosomes, meiosis, DNA structure and replication, gene expression, mutation, genetic variation, linkage, recombination, molecular genetics, and introductory population and genomic concepts.

Introductory study of amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, protein structure and function, membranes, bioenergetics, and metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Macronutrients and micronutrients, digestion and absorption, energy balance, metabolism, vitamins and minerals, hydration, dietary assessment, nutrient recommendations, and connections between nutrition and normal human physiology.

Plant cell and tissue structure, roots, stems, leaves, transport, photosynthesis, respiration, plant hormones, growth and development, reproduction, life cycles, taxonomy, and plant responses to the environment.

Animal diversity and classification, evolutionary relationships, body plans, tissues and organ systems, reproduction and development, physiology, behavior, adaptation, and comparative structure and function across major animal groups.

Population growth, species interactions, communities, ecosystems, energy flow, food webs, nutrient cycling, succession, biodiversity, biomes, ecological sampling, and interpreting population and ecosystem data.

Introductory study of marine organisms, ocean habitats, adaptations, plankton, nekton and benthic life, intertidal and coastal systems, coral reefs, marine food webs, biodiversity, ecological interactions, and human impacts on marine ecosystems.

Introductory soil science, plant growth and nutrition, crop systems, agricultural ecology, water and nutrient management, basic livestock systems, sustainability, and interpreting agricultural data.

Atomic structure, periodic trends, electron configuration, chemical bonding, molecular geometry, nomenclature, stoichiometry, chemical reactions, gases, solutions, thermochemistry, acids and bases, equilibrium, and kinetics.

Deeper high-school study of atomic structure, periodicity, bonding, stoichiometry, thermochemistry, kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, electrochemistry, laboratory analysis, and quantitative chemical problem solving.

Atomic structure and properties, molecular and ionic structure, intermolecular forces, substances and mixtures, chemical reactions, kinetics, thermochemistry, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, experimental analysis, and quantitative reasoning.

Kinematics, vectors, forces and Newton’s laws, work and energy, momentum, circular motion, gravitation, rotational motion, waves, sound, electricity, circuits, magnetism, and thermodynamics.

Motion, forces, energy, momentum, rotation, waves, electricity, circuits, and quantitative problem solving with greater mathematical depth than standard high-school Physics.

Kinematics, forces, work and energy, linear momentum, torque and rotational motion, rotational energy and momentum, oscillations, fluids, and algebra-based modeling and experimental reasoning.

Thermodynamics, electric force and field, electric potential, circuits, magnetism and electromagnetism, geometric optics, waves and sound, physical optics, modern physics, and algebra-based experimental reasoning.

Calculus-based kinematics, Newton’s laws, work and energy, momentum, torque and rotational motion, oscillations, gravitation, and experimental reasoning.

Calculus-based electric charge and fields, Gauss’s law, electric potential, conductors and capacitors, circuits, magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, and experimental reasoning.

Matter and its properties, atomic structure, chemical and physical changes, energy, forces, motion, waves, heat, electricity, and the foundational connections between chemistry and physics.

Carbon bonding and structure, functional groups, nomenclature, conformations, stereochemistry, resonance, acidity and basicity, reaction mechanisms, substitution and elimination, and reactions of alkenes and alkynes.

Aromatic chemistry, spectroscopy, alcohols and ethers, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, amines, carbonyl reactions, enol/enolate chemistry, and multistep organic reaction reasoning.

Atomic and electronic structure, periodic trends, symmetry, ionic and covalent bonding, molecular orbital theory, acid–base concepts, solid-state structure, and foundations of transition-metal chemistry.

Coordination compounds, ligand and crystal-field theory, transition-metal complexes, electronic structure and magnetism, organometallic chemistry, inorganic reaction mechanisms, catalysis, and selected bioinorganic concepts.

Chemical processes in air, water, and soil; concentration and dilution; pH and acid–base chemistry; redox reactions; solubility; nutrient and contaminant cycling; water quality; atmospheric chemistry; and chemical analysis of environmental systems.

Ocean properties, salinity and density, waves and tides, circulation, seafloor features, plate tectonics, marine sediments, coastal processes, atmosphere–ocean interactions, and interpretation of ocean-system data.

Minerals and rocks, the rock cycle, plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanoes, weathering and erosion, geologic time, Earth structure, surface processes, and interpretation of geologic maps, diagrams, and evidence.

Connections between chemistry, physics, and engineering: atomic bonding, crystal structures and defects, phase behavior, mechanical properties, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, thermal and electrical properties, and how processing and structure determine material properties and performance.