Biology and life science, made clearer through structure, function, and connection.

Cell structure and function, biomolecules, enzymes, cellular respiration and photosynthesis, cell division, genetics, gene expression, evolution, ecology, homeostasis, and major biological systems.

Deeper secondary-level study of cellular processes, genetics, evolution, ecology, organismal biology, experimental design, data analysis, and scientific reasoning.

Evolution, cellular energetics, information storage and transmission, heredity, gene expression and regulation, cellular communication and the cell cycle, biological systems interactions, experimental analysis, and data interpretation.

Introductory microbial cell structure, metabolism, growth, genetics, classification, microbial control, antimicrobial drugs and resistance, host–microbe interactions, pathogenicity, immunity-related concepts, bacteriology, virology, mycology, and parasitology.

Ecosystems, biodiversity, population dynamics, biogeochemical cycles, natural resources, energy use, pollution, climate, land and water systems, human environmental impacts, sustainability, and interpreting environmental data.

Anatomical terminology, homeostasis, cells and tissues, integumentary system, skeletal system, joints, muscular system, nervous system, special senses, and the structure–function relationships that connect these systems.

Endocrine regulation, blood, cardiovascular system, lymphatic and immune systems, respiratory system, digestive system, metabolism and nutrition, urinary system, fluid and acid–base balance, and reproductive physiology.

Mendelian inheritance, pedigrees, chromosomes, meiosis, DNA structure and replication, gene expression, mutation, genetic variation, linkage, recombination, molecular genetics, and introductory population and genomic concepts.

Introductory study of amino acids and proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, enzymes, protein structure and function, membranes, bioenergetics, and metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Macronutrients and micronutrients, digestion and absorption, energy balance, metabolism, vitamins and minerals, hydration, dietary assessment, nutrient recommendations, and connections between nutrition and normal human physiology.

Plant cell and tissue structure, roots, stems, leaves, transport, photosynthesis, respiration, plant hormones, growth and development, reproduction, life cycles, taxonomy, and plant responses to the environment.

Animal diversity and classification, evolutionary relationships, body plans, tissues and organ systems, reproduction and development, physiology, behavior, adaptation, and comparative structure and function across major animal groups.

Population growth, species interactions, communities, ecosystems, energy flow, food webs, nutrient cycling, succession, biodiversity, biomes, ecological sampling, and interpreting population and ecosystem data.

Introductory study of marine organisms, ocean habitats, adaptations, plankton, nekton and benthic life, intertidal and coastal systems, coral reefs, marine food webs, biodiversity, ecological interactions, and human impacts on marine ecosystems.

Introductory soil science, plant growth and nutrition, crop systems, agricultural ecology, water and nutrient management, basic livestock systems, sustainability, and interpreting agricultural data.